Legal Careers in Social Justice
Give me the low-down on a career in social justice work.
Does any of this sound familiar to you, “I came to law school because I wanted… to make my community a better place; to use the tools of law to make a positive difference; to be involved in public interest advocacy? If you’ve answered yes to any of these questions, then it is in your interest to research a potential career in social justice. Social justice work can give you the opportunity to connect your career goals with your values, beliefs and concerns. This will enable you to immerse yourself in work you are passionate about and you find fulfilling.
A burning question asked often is if spiritually fulfilling work necessarily correlates with a salary cut? Traditionally, careers in social justice pay less than careers in corporate firms. The measure of success, however, is a personal value, one estimate of which may be the opportunity to do legal work in areas that you really care about. This by no means insinuates that lawyers who work for the public good will have less than comfortable financial circumstances. Although hourly pay rates may not be on par with lawyers who work at corporate firms, work in public interest law gives lawyers more flexibility in the amount of hours they work and hence a more flexible lifestyle choice.
One reason law students feel compelled to work at a corporate firm is because these jobs are advertised so widely. This does not mean that there are not an equal number of available jobs in the social justice sector. These jobs are usually publicized in arenas where like-minded advocates are to be found and through word of mouth. So yes, to find them does take a little more digging. An important tip given to students is to volunteer in organizations that deal with your interests and this way you can both learn more about how law intersects with your interest and also network with people who share your interests.
The social justice area employs lawyers who are committed to a cause they personally believe in which makes it an excellent environment for students and new lawyers to develop lawyerly skills, training and practical experiences from these passionate and driven individuals.
If you are a person who is interested in a wide variety of areas of law and work environments, working in social justice areas gives you the opportunity to keep yourself challenged by the career flexibility offered.
Show me resources to determine if a career in social justice work is right for me.
Public interest law encompasses a diversity of interests thus giving lawyers the opportunity to find work in an area that specifically appeals to them. However committing yourself to a particular interest does not lock you into it for a lifetime. In fact lawyers who work in social justice are often more mobile than lawyers in private firms. Whatever area you end up working in, it is vital to position yourself in a work environment that harnesses your own strengths and abilities. You are encouraged to consult career development resources that will help you collect the information that will define this for you.
Career Resource Guides:
- Advancing Women & Advancing Your Career
- Career Forward
- Human Resources & Skill Development Canada (HRSDC) (Occupational & Career Development)
- N. Thomas, A Guide for Law Graduates Seeking to Create Non-Traditional Articling Experiences (Ottawa: Law Union of Ontario, Ottawa Chapter, 1999).
- P. Bhatia, Beyond Expectations: Exploring and Creating Alternatives to Legal Practice (Ottawa: Student Services Office and the Career and Professional Development Centre, University of Ottawa, Faculty of law, Common Law Section, 1999).
- Planning Your Strategy: A Guide to Conquering the Articling Process and Constructing a Legal Career (Career and Professional Development Centre of the University of Ottawa, 2005).
- Changing Jobs: A Handbook For Lawyers for the 1990's, 3rd ed. (American Bar Association Law Practice Management Section and Young Lawyers Division, 1999).
- J. Verrier, "Work in the Non-Profit Sector", NALP Bulletin , February 1999 (not on reserve).
What kind of skills and experience do I need to work in social justice law?
What do public interest organizations look for? You need to demonstrate an interest, commitment to and/ or experience in social justice whether it is working or volunteering for an organization in the social justice area. Get involved with public-interest related student group such as LEAF or CLAIHR or volunteer with Pro Bono Students Canada to be placed in an organization of your interest. It is important to attend talks, conferences, lectures to explore your interests and put you in touch with people working in the area.
It is a good idea to take a broad selection of courses to gain an idea of the wide legal framework and to develop valuable legal research and writing skills that will be invaluable in any future work you do. Make sure to take courses in negotiation and dispute resolution as these are cost and time efficient tools upon which non-profit organizations depend to solve legal disputes. It is also recommended that you do clinic work as that will put you in touch with the larger community you live in and take you out of your law school bubble and face to face with the reality of what lower income persons need from the law. It is also important to gain an understanding of the financial running of non-profit organizations.
Your resume should be specifically tailored to reflect the public interest volunteering and work you have done and the applicable skills you have acquired. Include all research and legal skills you have acquired, as well as all responsibilities you took on during you volunteer or work experience. Your cover letter should include your knowledge, experience and interest in the area of the employer’s organizations.
What do I do if I am searching for a summer job in social justice?
Most summer job postings for public interest organizations are advertised later in the winter semester than the postings for firms. This is not because there are fewer opportunities for summer work in the area, but because it usually takes a longer time for these organizations to secure funding for their summer placements. However there are always exceptions so keep an eye out for postings early on in the Fall.
Many of the jobs in social justice are not advertised widely so use your entrepreneurial skills to create an opportunity to work in an area that is perfect just for you. Although it does take a little leg-work it will be worth the effort! Researching and gaining contacts might even be an enjoyable experience for you since you will be learning more about how the law is involved in the cause you are passionate about. To get your job hunt started find out about the opportunities that exist in legal clinics, internships, government jobs and in research positions with professors.
What do I do if I am searching for an articling position in social justice?
The articling positions for the social justice sector will occur during the summer after second year. But you can also create your own articling position by maintaining strong relations with prior workplaces where you have volunteered and apply for funding to work at the organization. Make sure to also check out Quicklaw’s National Articling database to view a listing of public interest firms and government ministries that are hiring articling students.
If you are interested in creating your own articling position, at the latest begin your research after the summer of your first year or/ and during your second year. Go to www.lsuc.on.ca for the guidelines on creating your own articles. Here is a summary:
- Determine the organization with which you wish to article and the type of work they do.
- Find out whether they are interested in hiring you as an articling student.
- Find a lawyer in the province in which you want to work to act as your Principal.
- To get your articles approved submit an Education Plan through your Principal to the LSUC (requirements listed in LSUC’s articling handbook).
- Acquire funding for your articling position. Look to government, law firms, private foundations and other resources.
What do you do once you're done your articling term? If your current place of work cannot keep you, use the network you have made among the social justice community during your articling term to assist your employment search.
Public Interest Articling : This guide describes the different fields in which a student can article and directs students in their search for public interest articles.
Resources regarding specific areas of social justice work
How do I select a career path in social justice? There are so many! Yes it does take more time to research a career in social justice. But if you have made it to law school you must have the smarts to carry out such a task. The benefits of finding a career path in which you are truly happy in largely outweigh the work required to find this direction.
This is just the tip of the iceberg of the resources that exist...
Job Databases:
- Campus Access: Canadian job database
- Charity Village: volunteer, jobs and education database
- Greedy Canada (Idealist.org): international jobs in social justice
- Human Rights Job Board: international jobs in human rights
- Oneworld.net: international jobs in human rights, environment, and sustainable development
- Reliefweb: international jobs in various areas of interest
- British Columbia Public Interest Advocacy Centre (BCPIAC): non-profit public interest law office
- Equal Justice Works: US-based internet network for law students working for social justice – links to legal education, career opportunities, and supporting public interest law
- Public Interest Law Initiatives: (PILI) Supports human rights through supporting the development of public interest law in Central and Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia.
- Department of Justice, Government of Canada (DOJ)
- Eberts Symes Street Pinto & Jull: human rights, class actions, constitutional litigation
- Legal Aid Ontario (LAO): poverty law and speciality clinics in Ontario
- Ministry of Attorney General, Province of Ontario (MAG)
- United Nations – Human Resources
- Alliance for Justice: American association of environmental, civil rights, mental health, women’s and consumer advocacy organizations.
Aboriginal Issues:
- Canadian Council for Aboriginal Business: promotes the full participation of Aboriginal people and communities in the Canadian economy
- Department of Justice, Aboriginal Links: provides links to useful resources relating to aboriginal people
- First Nation Information Project: a list of first nation communities across Canada
- Indigenous Bar Association: The Indigenous Bar Association is a non-profit professional organization for Aboriginal persons in the legal field
- Murray Klippenstein: Toronto-based law firm specializing in aboriginal and environmental law
Activism:
- University of Calgary activist website
- WebActive
- Jay's Canada web site provides an alphabetical listing of leftist and 'progressive' Canadian organizations.
- The Web Networks web site provides links to more than 3000 non-profits, agencies, activists and citizens dedicated to social change.
Children's Rights:
- Children's Aid Society: protects youth from emotional, sexual, and physical harm
- Justice for Children and Youth: a non-profit legal aid clinic that provides legal representation to low-income children and youth in Toronto and vicinity
- Save the Children Canada: international children's rights organization
- Children’s Defense Fund
- Office of the Children's Lawyer
- Family Responsibility Office
- Toronto Child Abuse Centre
- UNICEF
Civil Liberties and Free Speech:
- American Civil Liberties Union: American civil liberties group
- GILC (Global Internet Liberty Campaign)
- BC Civil Liberties Association: one of the oldest civil liberties groups in Canada.
- Blue Ribbon Campaign for Free Speech Online: fights internet censorship and protects online free expression
- Canadian Civil Liberties Association: national civil liberties group
- Index on Censorship
- The International Freedom to Publish Committee
Criminal Law and Social Justice:
- (Charlie) Roach, Schwartz and Associates : Toronto-based social justice and criminal lawyers
- Ruby & Edwardh: Clayton Ruby Peter Rosenthal: Acts for OCAP, the Communist Party, among others
- Department of Justice
- Crown Law Office - Civil, Attorney General
- Crown Law Office - Criminal, Attorney General
- Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted
Disability Rights:
- ARCH: A Legal Resource Centre for Persons with Disabilities: legal clinic and advocacy group for the disabled
- Disabled Women’s Network Ontario (DAWN): internet network for women with disabilities
Dispute Resolution:
Elderly Rights:
Environment:
- Canadian Environmental Law Association: Canadian environmental legal advocacy group
- Sierra Legal Defence Fund: International environmental legal advocacy group
- West Coast Environmental Law Association
- Ministry of Environment, Legal Services
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Young Canadian Leaders for a Sustainable Future
Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgendered/Transsexual:
- Canadian Gay and Lesbian Archives: gay and lesbian history preservation group
- Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Rights in Ontario (CLGRO)
- Equality for Gays and Lesbians Everywhere (EGALE): Canadian gay and lesbian advocacy group
- Canadian Gay, Lesbian & Bisexual Resource Directory
- International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (ILGHRC)
- The 519: Downtown Toronto queer community center
Health Activism:
- Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network: Montreal-based HIV/AIDS group
- HIV/AIDS Legal Clinic (HALCO): Toronto-based specialty legal clinic
- International Women’s Health Coalition: Women’s health network
- Center for Reproductive Law and Policy
- Canada AIDS Russia Project
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
Humanitarian Relief:
- Canadian Red Cross: Toronto Region
- The International Committee of the Red Cross
- ReliefWeb: United Nations humanitarian relief site
- International Rescue Committee: provides humanitarian relief to refugees and oppressed people around the world
- International Crisis Group
Human Rights:
- Amnesty International: International human rights watch-dog
- Canadian Human Rights Commission: Federal human rights body
- Canadian Lawyers Association for International Human Rights (CLAIHR): a non-profit, non-governmental organization, established to promote human rights through legal education, advocacy and law reform.
- Democracy Watch: international human rights watch-dog
- Human Rights Education Association: international human rights educator
- Human Rights Research and Education Centre: University of Ottawa human rights centre
- Human Rights Internet: human rights information website
- Youth Internships
- Human Rights and Peace Campaign (HURPEC): International human rights search engine
- Ontario Human Rights Commission: Provincial human rights body
- The People’s Movement for Human Rights Education: human rights learning
- Rights Action: Fundraising group for human rights action in Latin America
- Universal Voices: Online Human Rights Internet Guide: human rights internet directory
- World Civil Society: Brings together the United Nations with Civil Society
- Law and Society Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Canadian Human Rights Foundation, Montreal, Canada
- American Association for the Advancement of Science and Human Rights Program
- B’Tselem: The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories
- Canadian Human Rights Commission
- Canadian Human Rights Foundation
- Canadian Human Rights Tribunal
- Casa Alianza work with street children in Latin America
- CUSHRID Net Homepage The Canadian-U.S. Human Rights Information and Documentation Network
- DIANA: An International Human Rights Database
- Derechos Human Rights
- Equipo Nizkor (Spanish website- human rights)
- Globalvision’s Rights & Wrongs
- Hong Kong Human Rights Commission
- Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor
- Human Rights Internet
- Human Rights Lawyer Association
- Human Rights Watch
- Human Rights Web Resources Page
- Interaction
- Rights and Democracy (The International Center for Human Rights and Democratic Development)
- International Helsinki Federation
- Interrights
- Karamah (Muslim Women Lawyers for Human Rights)
- Human Rights First
- Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights
- Minority Rights Group
- Peace Brigades International
- Physicians for Human Rights
- Washington Office on Latin America
- Witness
- Friends of Simon Wiesenthal Center for Holocaust Studies
- Urban Alliance on Race Relations
Immigration and Refugee:
- Canadian Council for Refugees: Canadian refugee lobby group
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
- Immigration Lawyers Association (Canadian Chapter)
Information and Research for Social Justice:
- HRREC : Human Rights Research and Education Centre
- Institute for Policy Studies
- National Organization for Public Interest Law
- University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
- U.N. Treaty Database
- U.S. State Department’s Country Reports
- OneWorld Homepage – global human rights and sustainable development
- Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives: Canadian policy think-tank
- The North-South Institute: Canadian policy think-tank
- Ontario Public Interest Research Information Group (OPIRG) (email address)
- National Association of Legal Search Consultants
- Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs: Forum for research and education in ethics and international policy
International Law:
- American Bar Association – Section of International Law and Practice: A legal resource centre for law reform
- The Coalition for International Justice
- International Criminal Court
- International Court of Justice
International Affairs:
- Canadian International Development Agency - International Youth Internship Program
- Global Citizens for Change (Overseas volunteer opportunities and international development work)
- Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade
- Society for International Development
- Organization for Security and Co-operation Europe – Internship
- United Nations - Headquarters Internship Program
- United Nations Association: UN Volunteers
- UN Organizations
- CANADEM: Department of International Relations and Foreign Affairs Internship Program
- Project Ploughshares – An ecumenical response to peace and security issues
Legal Aid:
- Clinical Legal Education Forum: clinical legal pedagogy
- Community Legal Education of Ontario (CLEO): Provincial community legal education group
- Legal Aid Ontario: Provincial legal aid body
- African Canadian Legal Clinic
Media and Civil Liberties:
- American Civil Liberties Union: American civil liberties lobby group
- Global Justice Video Project: social justice media project
- Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario
- Article 19, the Global Campaign for Free Expression
- PEN Canada : Center protection of free expression
News on Social Justice:
- Oneworld.net: international social justice news
- UTNE Reader: reprints articles from alternative media sources that illuminate the latest ideas and trends in modern culture
Poverty Issues:
- Income Security Advocacy Centre works with and on behalf of low income communities in Ontario to address issues of income security and poverty
- Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP): Toronto direct action group
- Centre for Equality Rights in Accommodation
- Rooftops Canada/Abri International - International Youth Intership Program
- National Anti-Poverty Organization
- ILEAP (International Lawyers and Economists Against Poverty Initiative)
Volunteering:
- Charity Village: international volunteer (and job) positions
- Idealist.org: international volunteer (and job) positions
- Pro Bono Students Canada: volunteer law students
- Non-Profit Organizations
- Volunteer Lawyers Services, LSUC: volunteer lawyers
Women's Rights:
- Metro Action Committee on Public Violence Against Women and Children (METRAC)
- Center for Women's Global Leadership
- Barbara Schlifer Commemorative Clinic: Toronto-based clinic catering to women who are survivor’s of violence
- Disabled Women’s Network Ontario (DAWN): Disability women’s internet network
- International Women’s Health Coalition: website devoted to social and economic justice through ensuring women’s rights
- Women’s Human Rights Net: international women’s internet network
- Women’s International League For Peace and Freedom: US women’s rights website with an internships link
- Women’s Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF): Women’s advocacy group
- National Organization for Women
Workers' Rights:
- Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE): union-side labour law
- Cavalluzzo Hayes Shilton McIntyre & Cornish: administrative law, labour, health, human rights, education, criminal defence, occupational health and safety
- Eberts Symes Street Pinto and Jull: human rights, class actions, constitutional litigation
- Koskie Minsky: union-side labour law, civil litigation, pensions and benefits
- Ontario Federation of Labour (OFL): union-side labour law and legal research, policy and education
- Ontario Public Service Employees Union (OPSEU): union-side labour law
- Sack Goldblatt Mitchell: union-side labour law, constitutional and human rights litigation, criminal law, civil litigation, international trade, pensions & benefits
- Toronto Workers’ Health and Safety Clinic
- Unions on The Net: internet communications system designed to meet needs of labour movement community
- United Steelworkers of America: union-side labour law
- Canadian Auto Workers Canada
- Industrial Accident Victims’ Group of Ontario
Firms and Public Interest Work
Law firms in Toronto that have opportunities to work in the public interest sector:
- Aird & Berlis
- Blake, Cassels & Graydon
- Borden Ladner Gervais
- Cassels Brock and Blackwell
- Fasken Martineau
- Fraser Milner Casgrain
- Goodman and Carr
- Goodmans
- McCarthy Tétrault
- McMillan Binch
- Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt
- Stikeman, Elliott
- Torys
